Have a policy, process or practice on waste disposal – covering hazardous materials.
As one of the Faculties that use hazardous material in teaching and research activities, FKUI has continued to implement the UI’s policy on waste disposal – covering hazardous materials. This policy is regulated on Rector of Universitas Indonesia Decree No. 1305/SK/R/UI/2011 on Trash and Hazardous and Toxic Material Waste Disposal Management Policy on The Campus of Universitas Indonesia. The management of hazardous and poisonous waste material (B3) at the Faculty of Medicine is divided into 2 types, medical and non-medical. The handling of B3 waste at FKUI is routinely carried out 3-4 times per year by the 3rd party through an official agreement with the Faculty of Medicine UI. Other policy related to the management of hazardous material is Rector Decree No. 1306/SK/R/UI 2011 which stated about Restriction on Food and Beverage Packaging Containing Toxic and Hazardous Material (B3) on The Campus of Universitas Indonesia.
12.2.5 Policy for Minimization of Plastic Use
Have policies around use minimisation of plastic.
Faculty of Medicine UI committed to minimize the plastic waste in the faculty environment through the Rector Regulation No. 4 year 2019 about the Zero Plastic Program in Environment of Universitas Indonesia. This program aims to minimize the use/utilization of products, goods or services that cause plastic waste. One of the programs is encouragement to the student and staff to bring their lunch box to decrease plastic consumption. Dean of FKUI issued socialization letter No. 130/UN2.F1.D/LOG.01/2019 regarding Restrictions on the Use of Paper and Plastic. This letter contains the socialization of the Rector’s Decree no. 1308 and include several advices: – to reuse old paper – to use a private drinking place – to provide meeting consumption without using single-use packaging.
12.2.8 Minimization Policies Extended to Suppliers
Ensuring these policies extend to outsourced suppliers and the supply chain - (suppliers of equipment, stationary, building contracts).
Several policies about the use of plastic, paper, hazardous and toxic Materials (B3) for Food and Beverage Packaging are extended to outsourced services and the supply chain. These policies stated that the implementation of the program must be carried out by all civitas academica, partnering parties, faculty canteens, and other parties in UI.
The Faculty of Medicine at UI has been processing all organic waste into compost beneficial for plants around FKUI since 2021.
Documentation and process of organic waste management at FKUI:
The initial process involves collecting organic waste, including dry leaves, plant materials, tree branches, and food scraps.
Sorting process (make sure to include only leaves and small branches).
Set up closed container for composting.
The sorted leaves, branches, and food scraps are then transported to the Compost House.
Shredding process (proses pencacahan).
Containment process (proses pewadahan).
The EM4 solution is mixed with an adequate amount of water and then added to the compost bags.
Let the compost sit for 3 to 4 weeks for proper fermentation.
The compost is then ready to be harvested and dsitributed to plants around FKUI.
Here is the data on the implementation of compost production at FKUI for the year 2023, as shown in the table below:
Total Limbah Anorganik yang diolah oleh Fakultas (ton)
No.
Jenis Sampah
Jumlah (TON)
Total
Reused
Down-cycle
Up-cycle
1.
Plastik
0.26 ton
-
-
-
2.
Kardus
1.69 ton
-
-
-
3.
Kertas
1.1 ton
-
-
-
4.
Styrofoam
0.14 ton
-
-
-
5.
Tissue
0.49 ton
-
-
-
6.
Jerigen
0.01 ton
0.01
-
-
7.
Boncos
0.568 ton
-
-
-
8.
Kabin
0.01 ton
-
-
-
9.
Ember
0.11 ton
-
-
-
10.
Botol Kaca
0.09 ton
0.02
-
-
11.
e-waste
0.22 ton
-
-
-
TOTAL
4.688 ton
0,03 ton
Inorganic waste at FKUI is processed and reused. Organic waste is weighed and sold, with the proceeds allocated for the welfare of the cleaning staff. Residual waste that cannot be reused is disposed of at the final waste disposal site in Salemba 4.
Here is the data on inorganic waste generated and processed within FKUI:
a. As a means of collecting inorganic waste, FKUI has provided categorized trash bins distributed throughout the campus. These bins are designated for placing waste according to its type, ensuring proper separation and management. This initiative promotes awareness of waste segregation and contributes to more effective recycling and waste disposal practices.
b/ Examples of Recycling Plastic Bottles, Glass Bottles, PVC Pipes, Jars, Used Cans, and Other Materials for Plants and Greenery
c. Utilization of Used Box Containers and Paint Cans for Hydroponic Plants to Enhance Greenery on Rooftops
d. Separation of Organic and Inorganic Waste at FKUI
e. Recycling of plastic bottles, used cans, and scrap metal is utilized to provide benefits for cleaning staff, as illustrated in the table below:
f. Utilization of Recycled Water Towers at FKUI for Collecting Ablution Water (Air Wudhu)
\
g. E-Waste
FKUI provides a room in the basement of the IMERI building for storing electronic items that are no longer in use due to being broken or outdated, such as laptops, computers, dispensers, TVs, refrigerators, electronic light waste, bulbs, and more. The management of E-Waste is categorized based on whether items are considered assets or consumables. For E-Waste classified as assets, the disposal process follows UI's asset disposal regulations. In contrast, E-Waste classified as consumables is treated as hazardous waste (B3) during disposal. Before the disposal process, E-Waste is collected in the E-Waste storage area.
GUDANG E-WASTE
UTILIZATION OF USED JERRICANS FOR AC WATER STORAGE AS IRRIGATION WATER FOR PLANTS IN FKUI
2. Total Limbah Beracun yang dihasilkan oleh Fakultas (ton)
No.
Jenis Sampah
Jumlah (TON)
Total
Reduced
Reused
Down-cycle
Up-cycle
1
Bahan Infeksius
3,3265
2
Bahan Terkontaminasi B3
0,521
3
Barang Elektronik
0,057
4
Bahan Farmasi Kadaluarsa
0,219
0,033
0,033
0
0,033
5
Alcohol Kadaluarsa
0,035
0,035
0,035
0
0,035
Grand Total
4,1915
0,068
0,068
0
0,033
According to Minister of Health Regulation No. 18 of 2020 regarding the Management of Medical Waste in Health Facilities, waste management is divided into internal and external management. Internal management refers to waste management conducted by the internal party, in this case, the Faculty of Medicine. External management involves the handling of waste after it has been handed over to a third party (final manager). Health facilities/institutions that do not have incinerator permits are required to cooperate with external managers. However, in internal management, institutions must implement safe management standards, including sorting, packaging, labeling, and temporary storage before handing over the waste to external managers.
Based on the data, it is evident that the majority of hazardous waste in the FKUI environment consists of Infectious Waste (medical), accounting for 80%. The second largest volume is Contaminated Materials, reaching 13% of the total. Following that are Expired Pharmaceuticals (medications) at 5%, and both electronic waste and expired alcohol, each at 1%.
As an effort to reduce the accumulation of hazardous waste at FKUI, we have started by reusing and recycling certain types of waste that we have assessed as ecologically safe and beneficial to support the K3 and Environmental programs. The two types of hazardous waste that we manage ourselves are Expired Pharmaceuticals and Expired Alcohol.
Based on the data comparing hazardous waste reuse, reduction, and recycling, it is noted that the waste processed for reuse accounts for 2% of the total. We began utilizing hazardous waste in 2023, so there is no decrease in waste processing (downcycling), resulting in a proportion of 0%.
In addition to the waste that is reused and recycled, the remainder is fully handed over to external managers (96% of the total). Some external parties that accept our waste also implement recycling for incineration residues. These residues are often utilized as materials for paving blocks and bricks. However, we do not have data on this, and the management of the waste is entirely the responsibility of the third party.
12.3.1 Mechanisms for Managing Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) at FKUI
The Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Indonesia (FKUI) is a health education institution with an environmental management mechanism similar to that of hospitals and other healthcare facilities. To support educational and clinical services, the Faculty has laboratories that produce hazardous waste. The management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) is regulated by legislation.
The management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) requires a systematic approach from start to finish to ensure that hazardous materials do not impact managers, nearby individuals, or the environment. According to Minister of Health Regulation No. 18 of 2020 on Medical Waste Management for Community-Based Health Services, hazardous waste (infectious medical waste) management is divided into internal and external management. Internal management involves handling waste from production, sorting, packaging, labeling, transporting to temporary storage (TPS), and standard TPS until final handover to waste management entities. External management includes the treatment of waste by disposal companies, from receipt at the healthcare facility, transportation, treatment, to burial (landfill) or further utilization. This division clarifies the primary responsibilities of waste managers in healthcare facilities.
Based on their nature, hazardous and toxic waste (B3) from medical laboratories consists of biological, chemical, and physical waste. In terms of risk characteristics, biological waste includes infectious and carcinogenic materials; chemical waste can be corrosive, toxic, flammable, or even explosive; physical waste comprises sharp objects and items that emit radiation; as well as combinations of these risks. Therefore, to mitigate these risks, management and handling must be conducted using appropriate mechanisms.
Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 12 of 2020 (Permen LHK No 12 Tahun 2020) outlines detailed procedures for managing hazardous and toxic waste (LB3), which can be summarized as follows:
Identification of Hazard Characteristics
Procedures for Sorting
Standards for Packaging
Standards for Labeling
Technical standards for temporary storage (TPS) of hazardous and toxic waste (B3)
Standards for Documentation
As the right hand in ensuring proper and safe waste management, the K3L Unit of FKUI continually strives to implement risk-based waste management and adapt waste management mechanisms in accordance with applicable regulations. An overview of the internal management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) within FKUI can be seen in the following points:
1. Identification Stage (Tahap Identifikasi)
Waste produced from laboratory processes has diverse characteristics. Laboratory personnel are required to recognize the hazard characteristics of each type of waste. For example, liquid waste that is flammable, explosive, or prone to pressure must receive special treatment to ensure safety during packaging. Solid waste with sharp characteristics, such as syringes, glass, and knives/cutters, also requires specific handling to ensure safety during packaging and while contained.
According to applicable regulations, every institution that engages in activities involving hazardous chemicals is required to have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), which must be provided by the producer (supplier) of the material. The MSDS is used to identify the hazards associated with each material, compound, or its derivatives, allowing risks to be avoided or reduced to acceptable levels. However, in practice, not all producers provide an MSDS, so we, as an institution, strive to identify hazards ourselves to ensure that the use of materials, from their initial application to waste disposal, is carried out safely.
The image above is an example of a table identifying hazardous and toxic waste along with its handling procedures.
2. Sorting Stage (Tahap Pemilahan)
Every laboratory is required to have waste bins tailored to the type of waste. Generally, the waste produced by medical laboratories includes biological/medical waste, although it may also contain chemicals. The mandated packaging in the FKUI laboratory includes yellow plastic bags for dry medical waste (gloves, masks, tissues, handcoons, hazmat), yellow safety boxes for sharp waste (syringes, glass shards, cutters), and well-maintained jerrycans for liquid hazardous waste.
3. Packing Stage (Tahap Pengemasan)
Packaging waste is the responsibility of laboratory personnel (research assistants, laboratory technicians, and researchers). Laboratory staff are required to package waste correctly and safely. Some hazardous liquids require special caution. We enforce a strict rule against mixing hazardous liquids in the same container, unless the Material Safety Data Sheet is consulted, and it is ensured that the composition does not create pressure, explosions, or heat.
4. Labeling Stage (Tahap Pelabelan)
In addition to the differences in hazard characteristics, according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regulation, the storage of biological waste and chemical waste has different time limits. Therefore, we require labeling on waste containers that includes: the date the waste was generated, the names of the materials in the container, and the name of the laboratory/cluster. This labeling will facilitate the hazardous and toxic waste management team in organizing placement and scheduling transport to external waste management entities.
5. The Stage of Transfer and Storage at the Temporary Shelter for Hazardous and Toxic Waste (TPS LB3)
The Faculty of Medicine at UI has dozens of laboratories that are required to manage waste according to the regulations set by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Health. For effectiveness, efficiency, and standardization, the K3L Unit is working towards the centralization of hazardous waste storage. Laboratories that have stored waste in the centralized facility include IMERI (comprising 20 labs), the Biology Department (2 labs), the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department (3 labs), the Anatomy Department (1 lab), the Histology Department (1 lab), and the Chemistry Department (3 labs). The standards for waste storage we apply adhere to existing regulations, including specifications such as having a dedicated room away from general activities, storage at -20 degrees Celsius, flood resistance, waterproof floors and walls, and regular cleanliness monitoring, among others.
The hazardous waste officer conducts transfer and arrangement in the B3 temporary storage area.
6. Final Management (Pengelolaan Akhir)
In accordance with applicable regulations, institutions generating hazardous waste are required to collaborate with licensed waste management companies and/or hazardous waste transporters authorized by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The Faculty of Medicine consistently partners with third-party transporters for waste management to ensure safety in the final processing (landfill).
According to regulations, biological waste at temperatures below 0°C can be stored for a maximum of 90 days. We transfer waste to the landfill every 1 to 2 months to ensure safety in our storage facility.
At the stage of handover to the external management party, there is also a process of sorting and re-weighing to measure the tonnage/mass of waste based on treatment categories at the landfill. The sorting includes: Infectious/Medical Waste, Expired Pharmaceutical Products, Electronic Waste (neon lights, cartridges, batteries, LEDs, etc.), and Contaminated Hazardous Waste. We conduct field visits to the hazardous waste final management company (TPA LB3) to ensure that the waste we hand over is managed seriously at the final disposal site.
Visit to PT PPLi
7. Records of Hazardous Waste (Pencatatan Limbah B3)
a. Hazardous Waste Balance (Neraca Limbah B3)
In accordance with Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 12 of 2020, waste-generating institutions must record waste balances to facilitate monitoring of incoming and outgoing waste volumes/tonnage from the temporary storage, the purpose of handover to final waste managers, and to ensure that all waste meets storage time limits, among other things.
Toxic waste record
b. Distribution of B3 Waste Volume
The K3L unit records the waste generated by FKUI based on laboratory/cluster names. This recording aims to compare production among clusters/labs, monitor waste volume by month for the current year, and track the total waste for the year (recorded for the period from January to September of the current year).
Tabel 1. Rekapitulasi Limbah B3 Klaster dan Departemen FKUI Januari – September 2023
Flow Chart Produksi Limbah FKUI 2023
The Faculty of Medicine has just begun efforts to reduce waste production through socialization and promotion, but it has not yet focused on hazardous waste management. Nonetheless, based on the flow chart showing fluctuations in B3 waste, the tonnage of B3 waste has shown a downward trend month by month in 2023.
Pie Chart Distribusi Penghasil Limbah B3 FKUI 2023
The FKUI hazardous waste management team consistently records the volume of waste collected in the FKUI B3 temporary storage area. Based on the pie chart of hazardous waste sources above, it can be concluded that the largest contributor is "other waste," which exceeds 46%. Other waste includes disposable laboratory materials, non-laboratory items, or unaccounted goods within FKUI categorized as hazardous, such as contaminated materials, breakables, fluorescent lamps, and electronic waste.
Meanwhile, the next highest waste producers are the Infectious Disease Research Cluster (IDIRC) IMERI at 13%, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering (SCTE) IMERI at 8%, Animal Research Facility (ARF) IMERI at 8%, Human Nutrition Research Center (HNRC) IMERI at 6%, and other laboratories contributing in the range of 0.1% to 5%.
VOLUME/TONASE LIMBAH B3 BERDASARKAN KATEGORI PEMILAHAN DI PENGELOLAAN AKHIR JANUARI – SEPTEMBER 2023
Bahan Infeksius
Bahan Terkontaminasi B3
Barang Elektronik
Bahan Farmasi Kedaluarsa
Total
3326,5 Kg
521 Kg
57 Kg
219 Kg
4123,5 Kg
At the final management stage (external management), the sorting of hazardous waste has a different mechanism from that of the waste-generating institutions (internal management). At the contracted hazardous waste management company, the sorting is based on treatment categories for final disposal, including Infectious/Medical Waste, contaminated materials, electronic waste, and expired pharmaceuticals. Based on these categories, the hazardous waste from FKUI during January to September 2023 amounted to: Infectious/Medical Waste 3,326.5 kg; Contaminated Materials 521 kg; Electronic Waste 57 kg; and Expired Pharmaceuticals 219 kg, totaling 4,123.5 kg.
The data above represents the waste that entered the final disposal site (external management) after subtracting the waste that was reused and recycled within the Faculty of Medicine.
3.1 Waste Management Resources
Human Resources
The hazardous waste management at FKUI is supported by human resources specifically trained in safe hazardous waste handling procedures and mechanisms. This team consists of four members responsible for mobilization from the laboratories to the temporary storage, organization and storage at the temporary site, management of the temporary storage, and record-keeping. These officers are officially appointed by the Dean and operate based on the duties and functions outlined in the hazardous waste transfer guidelines from the clusters to the B3 temporary storage.
To optimize the implementation of laboratory hazardous waste management in accordance with K3L principles, the K3L unit provides K3L induction to students who are actively learning in the laboratories. Some laboratories have made the Basic Laboratory K3L certification mandatory, which can be accessed at emas2.ui.ac.id.
Gbr. Induksi K3L untuk Mahasiswa Praktikum Laboratorium
The Faculty of Medicine provides training on occupational health and safety in laboratories, including K3L induction in Basic Laboratory Techniques for the Master's Program in Biomedical Science (PMIB). One of the main topics in this K3L induction is the proper management of hazardous waste in accordance with applicable safety characteristics and regulations from the government, university, and standard operating procedures at the faculty level. This training significantly enhances the effectiveness of hazardous waste management in laboratories before the waste enters the Faculty's temporary storage, as most PMIB students conduct laboratory activities in the IMERI environment and preclinical laboratories at FKUI.
Gbr. Pelatihan K3L Laboratorium
The Faculty of Medicine periodically provides K3L Laboratory socialization and training for laboratory staff, technicians, and research assistants within FKUI. This training aims to impart comprehensive knowledge about laboratory K3L aspects. In addition to acquiring knowledge, the staff also engage in hands-on simulations regarding the handling of hazardous materials (biological and chemical), equipping them with the skills necessary to effectively manage hazardous waste risks.
In addition to the teaching staff and students, we have a team specifically assigned to manage hazardous waste. This team consists of four cleaning staff members who have received training and guidance from the K3L unit at FKUI. Their general duty is to transfer hazardous waste from the clusters/labs within FKUI to the B3 temporary storage. Specifically, their tasks, as outlined in the guidelines for waste transfer from clusters to temporary storage, include: checking packaging, inspecting waste labels, weighing, mobilization, organizing and arranging waste in the temporary storage area, and assisting during the handover to the final waste management party (external management).
Gbr ST Tim Pengelola LB3 Gbr. Struktur Organisasi Pengelola LB3
The B3 Waste Management Team, in terms of employment administration, consists of employees from an outsourcing company contracted by Universitas Indonesia. However, in carrying out their duties, they have specific roles assigned through an official task letter to manage hazardous waste. Therefore, in terms of scope, the B3 Waste Management Team operates under the Environmental and B3 Waste Team of the K3L unit at FKUI.
2. Resource Infrastructure and Facilities
Infrastructure and facilities are essential supports for managing hazardous waste in accordance with occupational health and safety (K3) and environmental norms. One of the supporting facilities for hazardous waste management is the temporary storage area (TPS) for hazardous waste, which is specifically required and regulated by Minister of Environment and Forestry regulations. The availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as aprons, hazmat suits, headcaps, gloves, and safety boots, as well as proper waste packaging, is crucial for safety in the hazardous waste management process. The Faculty of Medicine consistently monitors the availability of this PPE (Personal Protective Equipment).
Gbr. Ruang TPS B3
3. Financial Resources/Budget
The costs arising from the hazardous waste management process are the responsibility of the faculty and/or researchers, as per agreement. These costs include expenses for final waste management, PPE, and special allowances for members designated as the B3 waste management team.
4. Support from Standard Operating Procedures (POB), Guidelines (IK), and Special Provisions
The management of hazardous waste is detailed in the Standard Operating Procedures for Hazardous Waste Management, the Guidelines for Hazardous Waste Transfer from Laboratories/Clusters to B3 Temporary Storage, and the Guidelines for Temporary Storage (TPS) of B3. Other provisions not included in the SOP and guidelines, such as the management of disposable hazardous materials remaining after laboratory activities, are regulated according to agreements between the laboratories and Facilities Management.
Gbr. POB Pengelolaan Limbah Berbahaya FKUI
The Standard Operating Procedures (POB) for Hazardous Waste Management at FKUI outline the technical handling of waste, including sorting, packaging, labeling, storage in the cluster units (laboratories), transfer to the temporary storage (TPS), and general storage in the TPS. Specific procedures not explicitly stated in the POB are governed by Work Instructions.
The hazardous waste at FKUI originates from the departments and laboratories of IMERI, which are scattered across multiple floors of the building. To support safe and centralized management in one temporary storage area (TPS), this practice is supported by a work instruction titled "Waste Transfer from Clusters to B3 Temporary Storage."
Gbr IK Pemindahan Limbah dari Klaster ke TPS B3
The Work Instruction for Waste Transfer from Clusters to TPS outlines the technical and systematic procedures for handling waste when moving it from the laboratory to the temporary storage area. With this instruction, waste from various clusters, laboratories, and units can be safely transferred to a single TPS. Other documents that accompany the Standard Operating Procedures for Hazardous Waste Management, such as weighing and recording the Waste Balance, are also emphasized in this instruction.
1.3 External Hazardous Waste Management Services
3.3.1 Agreements
In accordance with Minister of Health Regulation No. 18/2020 on the handling of hazardous (medical) waste in health facilities, waste-generating institutions must cooperate with external parties. In this context, the external parties are licensed companies that manage hazardous waste. External managers include waste transport service providers and final waste management/service companies. These service companies are officially designated and recommended by the Minister of Environment and Forestry for managing hazardous and toxic waste.
To comply with these regulations, the Faculty of Medicine collaborates with a licensed transporter company authorized by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). In this partnership, the transporter company works with several licensed final waste management companies, ensuring that each type of waste is properly routed and managed at the appropriate disposal facilities.
a. SPK FKUI – PT JH
Gbr. Surat Perintah Kerja dari FKUI ke PT Jalan Hijau (Transporter Limbah)
b. SPK PT JH – PT. PPLi
c. PT JH – PT. WI
Gbr. Surat Perjanjian Kerja PT Jalan Hijau dan PT Wastec International
d. SPK PT JH – PT MHK
Gbr. Surat Perjanjian Kerja PT Jalan Hijau dan PT Multi Hana Kreasindo
3.3.2 Proof of External Management
Sebagai bukti bahwa limbah B3 FKUI telah dilakukan pengelolaan yang sesuai oleh pihak pengelola akhir, kami memperoleh sertifikat pengelolaan limbah berbahaya (hazardous waste treatment). Perusahaan pengelola akhir mengirimkan sertifikat pengelolaan limbah setiap limbah selesai dilakukan treatmen/pemusnahan, atau setiap bulan sekali. Berikut ini adalah contoh sertifikat penanganan untuk limbah klinis karakteristik infeksius dan limbah peralatan terkontaminasi B3:
Gbr. Sertifikat Penanganan Limbah Berbahaya untuk Peralatan Laboratorium Terkontaminasi B3 oleh PT Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri
Gbr. Sertifikat Penanganan Limbah Berbahaya untuk Limbah Klinis Karakteristik Infeksius oleh PT Wastec International